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What is Akathisia?
Akathisia literally means “ inability to posture , ” and is a eccentric of movement disorder in which the patient feels extreme internal restlessness along with a physical need or desire to be in uninterrupted motion by perform action at law such as rocking backward and forward when sit or standing , marching on the spot by lifting feet and also crossing and uncrossing the branch when in a sitting position.1Patients having akathisia wo n’t be able to keep or sit still at one office and are always fidget , unsatisfied , record hop from foundation to another or step about .
Akathisia can be balmy where the patient only has simple fidgeting and can be life-threatening where the patient role feels the need to continuously pace . Akathisia is a condition where the patient experiences feelings of intense restlessness , which do not have any tie withstressoranxiety .
One of the causes of akathisia is thought to be antipsychotic drug , especially the first generation antipsychotics.2Akathisia can also occur as a side result of some medicament . Akathisia is also associated withParkinson ’s diseaseand other such character of syndrome .
Symptoms of Akathisia
The master characteristic lineament of akathisia is a lot of movement . The eccentric of movements depend on the severity of Akathisia and the level of immunity of the patient role against the itch to move . Some of the common symptom of Akathisia include :
Differentiation of Akathisia from Other Movement Disorders
Akathisia can be differentiated from othermovement disordersby looking at the amount of ascendency the patient has over his / her motions . For example , if the patient has a muscular tic related to neuromuscular issues , the movements are nonvoluntary and not in control of the patient . Whereas , the motion of akathisia are in ascendence of the affected role and the drive come about because the patient has a potent inside urge to make that particular movement .
Akathisia vs Restless Leg Syndrome
Akathisia resemble uneasy leg syndrome ; however , the two conditions are altogether different . Restless leg syndromeis characterized by partial uncontrolled movements with a feeling of restlessness , which increases when the affected role is slumber or resting . In Akathisia , the movements are more master in nature and there is no relation between movements in Akathisia with sleep or relaxation . However , the severity can increase in circumstances where the affected role has to remain still for some meter such as bear in a queue when food market shopping .
Causes of Akathisia
Akathisia is often a drug - stimulate bm disorder make by :
Antipsychotics Medicines can induce Akathisia as a solvent of stifling of dopamine signals . Antidepressantscan also cause Akathisia from step-up in the serotonin signal . Akathisia occurs as a side effect of antipsychotic medications and antidepressant medicament . This movement disorder can also come about during withdrawal from these medicines . Medicines such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ( SSRIs ) can exacerbate an already existing akathisia.3
Anti - Migraine or Anti - Nausea medication : The action of some of these medical specialty resembles antipsychotic medicinal drug and can also have akathisia ; however , this is uncommon . Akathisia can also occur disregardless of any change in the medicine or start a raw medicine . Sometimes , akathisia happen immediately and in some case akathisia can develop month after taking such medicine .
Drug Withdrawal : Withdrawal from drug such asbenzodiazepines , cocain , opioidsor barbiturates can also make akathisia where the symptoms appear within a few weeks .
In a nutshell , the patient develops akathisia as a side effect of some neurologic medications . It can also formulate after starting or exchange to a new medicament or during the withdrawal cognitive process from a music .
Treatment for Akathisia
Treatment of akathisia is comparatively complicated . As akathisia is a condition brought on by use of sure medicament , discourse typically consist of decreasing the dose of the medicine , changing the medicine or stopping the medication completely . However , if the affected role is taking antidepressant or antipsychotic medicine that are causing akathisia , then block off these medicine can worsen the condition of the patient for which these medicine were started in the first position . Patient may have an growth in the austereness of the symptoms of low or psychosis if the medication are adjusted or block up . Treatment alternative for akathisia consist of :
registration in Medicine Dosage : Decreasing the dose or not increase the dose of the offending medicine serve in alleviating the symptom of akathisia . If the akathisia occur as a result of benzodiazepines or opioids withdrawal , then increase in the dose will help with the condition . It is important to supervise the patient during and after the dose adjustment to see if there is any alleviation of the akathisia symptoms .
Changing the Medicine : First - generation neuroleptic agent and antidepressant drug can cause more severe akathisia , which is why it is recommend to switch to 2d - multiplication antidepressants and antipsychotic medicine . They can still make akathisia , but second - generation medicines are irksome in inducing akathisia when compared to first - generation medicines .
Stopping the medicine : In some cases , doctors can try and see if stopping the medicine for some time brings relief to the symptoms of akathisia . This should be done at a time when the discontinuance of the medicine stimulate least interruption in the patient ’s lifetime .
anticholinergic drug : anticholinergic drug are prescribed to block sure neurotransmitters and are given to the patient to refine respiratory , digestive , or sleep - related problems . These medicines also have shown to help in some casing of akathisia . anticholinergic should be commence after other medicines have been tried , as they too have side force and should be used after other treatment choice have not work .
Dietary Changes : Diet rich in vitamin B6 helps in alleviating the symptom of akathisia . Vitamin B6 is get hold in abundance in solid food such as meat and starches which let in tater , kick or joker .
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