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Kawasaki disease is a feverish malady of tike resulting in inflammation of medium sized vessel . It has surpassed rheumatic fever and become the leading cause of acquired heart disease in youngster in the United States . It is also known as childish periarteritis nodosa and mucocutaneous lymph client syndrome . The disease has been name after Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki who was the first one to depict it . The disease chiefly affects nipper less than 10 years ( 90 - 95 % ) and more unremarkably sham baby less than 5 year of years ( 85 - 90 % ) .
Can Kawasaki Disease Go Away By Itself?
Although , Kawasaki disease goes aside on its own without treatment , there are high-pitched chance of develop coronaryartery aneurysm , in approximately 25 % casing , which is reduced to around 3 - 5 % when appropriate treatment is given . Diagnosis of Kawasaki disease also reduces the probability of missed cardiac abnormalities and sudden myocardial infarction , undetected aneurism rupture and sudden death . Therefore , it is imperative to attempt treatment when suffering from Kawasaki disease and also to seek aesculapian attention when a shaver suffer from uncompromising prolong fever that does not resolve with paracetamol.(1 )
The etiology of the disease remains unknown , but there is a strong implication of infection and genetical factors . Although , the disease is recognise all over the humans , it is more common in Asian subcontinent , specifically in Japan and South Korea . It is 10 times more common in Japan than in United States . Kawasaki disease has manlike taste , with a ratio of 1.5:1 when compared to girls .
Characteristics Of Kawasaki Disease
The disease can be divided into two types , gross and uncomplete . Complete Kawasaki disease is diagnosed when pyrexia is present for at least 5 days along with 4 - 5 primary characteristics and uncomplete Kawasaki disease is diagnosed in the presence of fever along with at least 3 elemental characteristics of the disease . The primary clinical lineament of the disease include bilaterally symmetric bulbar conjunctivitis , member change ( erythema of palms and soh , desquamation of digit and toe ) , diffuse maculopapular tegument rash , oropharyngeal changes ( diffuse erythema , strawberry natural language , fissuring / bleeding of lips ) , unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy ( lymph node sizing of at least 1.5 cm ) .
The clinical track of the disease can be essentially divided into three stages ( acute , subacute and convalescent ) , while some authors also bestow a fourth chronic stage .
acute accent leg is a stage in which there is a sudden onslaught of high grade fever ( 102 - 104 degree fluorine ) that live for around 1 - 2 weeks . The fever is non - responsive to antipyretics ; however with therapy with IVIG it subside within 3 years . If left untreated , the fever may last up to a calendar month . Other symptoms of keen phase angle let in petulance , otitis media , anterior uveitis , perianal erythema or desquamation , pneumonitis , pericarditis , myocarditis , urethritis , vulvitis and aseptic meningitis .
Subacute stage start out when the pyrexia has subsided and can continue beyond one month to one and a one-half month . This stage is characteristic of peeling of toe and fingers along with thrombocytosis , arthralgia / arthritis , anorexia , conjunctival shot , persistence irritability and development of coronary arteria aneurism . Risk of sudden destruction is greatest in this phase . If fever persists there is a greater fortune of cardiac complicatedness .
In convalescent stage , there is all over solvent of the clinical features of the disease ; however , cardiac freakishness still persist . small coronary arteria aneurism settle on their own , but enceinte aneurysm may increase in size and there is a peril for myocardial infarct . In affected role whose echocardiogram was normal earlier , there is less likeliness for young aneurism to acquire after 2 calendar month of the disease .
The duration of chronic phase go life and it is of clinical relevance for only the great unwashed who have developed cardiac complications as the aneurism ( whether diagnosed or undiagnosed ) formed as a fry may snap when adult .
Kawasaki disease commonly does not recur once the initial illness has resolve . In Japan and America , the return pace is approximately 3 % and 1 % severally . There are high chances of return in younger children and those who had cardiac abnormalities .
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