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Naegleria fowleri is normally known as ‘ mastermind eating amoeba ’ . It get primary amebic meningoencephalitis ( PAM ) . Although , it is rarefied with 132 reported cases from 1962 - 2013 in the United States , the contagion is mostly fatal . N. fowleri is a innocent living ameba that is chance in ground and water . It has 3 life stages , which include ameboid trophozoite , mastigophore and cyst stages out of which only trophozoite stage is infective . N. fowleri grows in temperatures between 25 - 420C ; however , can also survive foresightful periods of fourth dimension in lower temperatures in its cyst stage . More than 30 species of Naegleria have been determined , but only N. fowleri is associated with infection in humans.(1 )
main ameban meningoencephalitis carry mellow fatality rate that is just about 98 % , and consequence in death within 1 - 12 of infection . It is more common in baby and unseasoned adults with a history ofswimmingin contaminated piss . However , few casing of PAM infection in non - swimmers have been link to the use of goods and services of neti - pots for sinus irrigation or ritual nasal cleansing . N. fowleri infection is draw out when ameba contaminated water enters nasal cavity through which it locomote to the brain resulting in PAM.(1 )
Can You Get Brain Eating Ameba From Taking A Shower?
The first cases of N. fowleri implicated with boozing water in the United States was describe in Arizona ( 2002 ) in two 5 class old boys , who were exposed to the contaminated water supply via bathing in municipal tap water , which was sourced from inadequately disinfect groundwater wellspring . N. fowleri has been found in sample of family water from taps , showers , showerheads , water heater and is also line up in bath , lavatory sink taps.(1 )
Prevention and Control Of Naegleria Fowleri
A vitrine control study was conducted to ascertain the quality of drinking water and N. fowleri presence . In the bailiwick , N. fowleri was positively associated with weewee temperature , maximum daily air temperature and dependency numeration at 35oC. The ameba was negatively associated with presence of Acanthameba , presence of eminent temperature tolerant Naegleria metal money excluding N. fowleri and free atomic number 17 residual . This emphasizes the importance of fair to middling disinfection of drinking water . Free chlorine residuary level of 0.2 - 0.5 mg / l is the appropriate conservative method to target N. fowleri species.(1 )
Since , Naegleria fowleri is by nature found in lake and rivers , which regrettably has no control over humanity so bar in these water bodies is difficult . Therefore , it should be assumed that these water bodies ( fresh water lake , river , hot springs ) and recreational water system ( swimming pool ) are associated with downcast risk of contagion . The only manner to preclude N. fowleri infection is to stay forth from swimming in warm freshwaters . Some personal measures can be take while entering these H2O bodies to minimize the risk of infection and inhalation of piddle through nostril . These include usage of nose clip or keeping head above urine , stave off submerging head under piddle in red-hot springs and other untreated thermal waters , avoiding water related activities in warm freshwater during summertime calendar month and deflect digging or stirring up sediments when taking part in water relate activities in warm fresh water bodies.(2 )
Although , most of the reported N. fowleri infection are associated with swim in fresh weewee lake and rivers , there are few reported cases of deaths that have been associated with tap water and drinking water breathing in via nostrils . According to CDC , N. fowleri infection does not occur after drinking water contaminate with the ameba . The transmission only pass when contaminated water enters the nostrils.(2 )
A press spill release by St. John the Baptist Parish in Louisiana suggest few precautions regarding rap water and drinking pee activities . The recommendations let in bar of weewee inhalation via nose or sniffing weewee into olfactory organ while washing face , shower , bathing , or swimming in small arduous plastic / blow up pools . In addition , jumping and submerge head under washup water in tub should be avoided along with superintend fry when play with hoses or sprinklers , as there is increased chances of breathing in of water via nose during these activities.(3 )
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