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Neuromyelitis optica is a disorderliness of the central nervous organization with autoimmunity as the primary cause . As the name suggest it is an inflammation of the spinal corduroy and second cranial nerve that is optic nerve . These are described as optic neuritis and myelitis in medical terminology . It is a demyelinating disorder in which the myelin sheath of the optic boldness and the white tower of the spinal cord obtain irritated and may suffer from personnel casualty of the myelin sheath . It may also involve the brain and pull up stakes residue effects and variable departure of the functions of affected tissue .
The immune system of the body sometimes waver and is ineffectual to specialise between ego and nonself tissue . It then attacks some of its own tissues and forms antibodies against them like in subject of neuromyelitis optica the self - tissue in oppositeness of the eubstance ’s resistant system is optic cheek and spinal cord . This autoimmunity is a life-threatening phenomenon because the antibodies produced against ego - tissues will persist for a life and will prevent it from recover .
How Common Is Neuromyelitis Optica?
For the commonness or rarity of the neuromyelitis optica , various research papers have by . According to the collection and analysis of various study , surveys and epidemiological projects , it has been found that the incidence rate of neuromyelitis optica is about 0.5 to 5 instance per hundred thousand population . It is happen more usually in European countries with the gamey relative incidence pace in Southern Denmark and lowest in North American state like Cuba . The relative incidence of the disease in India is found to be around 2.6 per one 100000 population as support by a survey in southerly India.[1 ]
Female to male proportion for the disease is reported between 3:1 to 9:1 in unlike part of the universe by showing female prevalence over male.[2]It is also understood by the fact that autoimmune disorder are more normally found in females than in males . Data of the upset was also analyzed and base that the age of onset of neuromyelitis optica varied between 30 to 40 years that is in 4th decennary and the most common age of presentation is launch in recent adulthood . The heathenish groups of various countries were also compared for any variation to be seen in a particular subspecies many variations but it did n’t yield many variations among them .
Is Neuromyelitis Optica A Rare Disease?
concord to the hospital data of various countries , it is seen as a pretty rare disease to be found . Although , the epidemiological data point accumulation is increasing day by daya but still data on neuromyelitis optica is thin and lacking in various share of the world . It not only curb the honest figures of the disease but also give a false impression of high prevalence in one part over another .
Overall by the expert opinion and the data - based studies , it is found in maximal results that neuromyelitis optica is a very rare disease to be encountered when so many autoimmune diseases have surfaced in twenty-first 100 with the flood of non - contagious disease . The disease has a good prognosis with former intervention but concluded curative is usually not seen in most example .
Conclusion
Neuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune disorder associated with demyelination of ocular nerve do optic neuritis and involvement of spinal cord causingmyelitis . It is not a common upset to be seen in the outpatient department and even more difficult to diagnose because of its resemblance with the patients ofmultiple sclerosis .
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