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Is Multiple System Atrophy An Autoimmune Disease?
Multiple system atrophy ( MSA ) the exact grounds and the pathogenesis is unknown . Some studies have shown that multiple system atrophy can be due to autoimmune disease ; however , there is not enough evidence to rise it.1
Pathology Of Multiple System Atrophy
In multiple system atrophy patient ’s gliosis occurs in the brain.1Gliosis is the accumulation of astrocytes ( wizard - determine cells that support and wield the brain cells ) to the damage area and it make scarring in the damage parts of the brain . Then , glial cytoplasmatic inclusion ( GCI ) develop in the head and these are characteristic of the disease .
GCIs are abnormal bodily structure and it contains clump of proteins within the brain . GCI pull a specific case of protein known as alpha - synuclein protein . The alpha - synuclein protein is found in tumid quantities in the normal human brain , but the function of this protein is not clear .
In all cases of multiple system atrophy thumping of abnormal alpha - synuclein protein is find in many parts of the brain and spinal cord . These unnatural cell ( know as inclusions ) damages the normal cellular telephone which control coordination , autonomic procedure , and Libra . In multiple organisation atrophy , there is a progressive loss of neuron in various parts of the brain due to the alpha - synuclein protein . Many researchers believe that this overexpression of the alpha - synuclein protein can be the drive of multiple arrangement atrophy .
The collection of alpha - synuclein is also seen in other disease such asParkinson ’s disease2anddementiawith Lewy bodies . Multiple organisation atrophy patients have standardised symptom as seen in Parkinson ’s patients and MSA - P is one type of multiple system atrophy which is characterized by more Parkinson symptoms . However , the inquiry done on alpha - synuclein is not decent to build up a strong connection and explain the pathogenesis of multiple organization wasting . More inquiry is need in this expanse of study .
Does Immunity Play A Role?
There has not been any conclusive data point to suggest that autoimmune can cause multiple scheme withering . There was a study done about “ Autoimmune antibody decline in Parkinson ’s disease and Multiple System Atrophy ; a step towards immunotherapeutic strategies ” . The study express anti - α - synuclein course occurring autoantibodies are reduced in Parkinson patient and most missing in multiple system of rules withering patient role . Naturally occur autoantibody ( NAb ) is the main component part ( two third base ) of the human antibody pool . Nabs have regulatory and protective function in the body . The Nabs have access to the key nervous system , and they remove the cell debris and forbid inflammation in the brain by bind and neutralizing the cytokines . Anti - alpha - synuclein antibodies have a neuroprotective routine and this has been certify in many animal mannikin withParkinson disease .
The study also state that levels of α - synuclein / NAbs immunocomplexes are also reduced in both Parkinson disease and multiple system atrophy affected role . The study concluded that in a sound brain the autoantibody clears off the unnatural alpha - synuclein , but because of the absent anti - alpha - synuclein NAbs multiple system wasting away patient role and Parkinson patients can not clear up off the abnormal alpha - synuclein therefore , these accumulate in the brain and gives hike to the symptom and signs .
This mechanics is not actually an autoimmune cognitive process as resistant cells are not attacking the brain in any room but there is not much evidence in the literature regarding autoimmunity giving rise to multiple scheme wasting .
Conclusion
The accurate cause and pathology of multiple system atrophy are unknown , there are not many studies done about the possibility of autoimmunity giving rise to multiple system atrophy . There is not much grounds to examine this as well in the literature . There was a cogitation done about “ Autoimmune antibody declination in Parkinson ’s disease and Multiple System Atrophy ; a step towards immunotherapeutic strategies ” . The study state anti - α - synuclein naturally occurring autoantibody are reduced in Parkinson patients and well-nigh absent in multiple organization wasting away patient . The Nabs bump off the cell rubble and prevents inflammation in the brain by oblige and neutralizing the cytokine . Reduction in these autoantibodies leads to collection of unnatural alpha - synuclein which can give raise to multiple organization atrophy .
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