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What is Medial Malleolus Fracture?
The lower branch has two os , tibia on the interior side and fibula on the verboten side . Both the bones end with a extrusion on inner and outer side known as median and sidelong malleolus . Medial malleolus faulting when because of break in the bony complex body part results in protrusion on inner side of articulatio talocruralis . The bump or gibbosity following ankle joint or medial malleolus fracture is situate at the lowermost part of shin on inner side of ankle joint joint . Such fracture of ankle articulation is also call as broken ankle or median ( internal ) ankle fault . Medial malleolus is a part of ankle joint and lower end of the lower pegleg osseous tissue known as tibia . median malleolus bone is well felt with hired hand on the inner side of the ankle joint . Medial malleolus is a part of ankle joint and articulatio talocruralis faulting is vulgar with incidence of 174 cases per 100,000 grownup per year.1
The way in which the bone break defines the types of median malleolus fracture . Medial malleolus fracture is often a part of other injuries or fractures of other off-white , while sometimes it can also be an stranded fracture . Ankle fractures are one of the commonest fracture of the low limbs and about 9 % of all fractures . Sometimes , the medial malleolus may get wound and develop a crack but the bones do not move apart , which is called hairline fracture or punctuate fracture of medial malleolus . There are cases print that suggests Achilles tendon fracture can be relate with crack of medial malleolus bone.2Short healing and recovery time is maintain in patient role who had other functional intervention.3
Types of Medial Malleolus Fracture:
Hairline Fracture of Medial Malleolus
Non - Displaced Medial Malleolus Fracture
Displaced Medial Malleolus Fracture
Avulsion Fracture of Medial Malleolus
Comminuted Fracture of Medial Malleolus
Compound Fracture of Medial Malleolus
Hairline Fracture of Medial Malleolus – Hairline fracture is crack in the superficial layer of bone . Bone does not break into fragments . Hairline fracture is also known as stress fracture . Healing takes poor fourth dimension .
Types of Hairline Fracture of Medial Malleolus:-
Non - Displaced Medial Malleolus Fracture- The crack in ivory extends through entire thickness of bone . The fracture fragments are align and not separated .
Types of non - displace fracture-
Displaced Medial Malleolus Fracture- The cranny in osseous tissue extend through intact thickness of the bone . The two fractured fragments are separated .
Avulsion Fracture of Medial Malleolus – Ankle articulation is patronise by several ligaments and achilles tendon . Avulsion fracture of medial malleolus bone is associate with injury or tear of the ankle joint joint ligament and achilles tendon . In most fount the bone sherd is fractured with rent in ligament that is attached to bony shard .
Comminuted Fracture – In this , the fracture of medial malleolus results in multiple break in the bones . Multiple fractured fragment may scatter ( displaced ) or align together ( non - displaced ) .
Compound Fracture of Medial Malleolus – Fracture is known as compound crack when fractured ivory is exposed to atmosphere because of inscrutable cut of meat in skin and subcutaneous tissue . Compound fracture may result in comminuted or displaced os fragments .
Risk Factors: May Influence Medial Malleolus Fracture
Causes of Medial Malleolus Fracture
median malleolus break or ankle fracture is more common in untested men and older women .
Causes of Medial Malleolus Fracture-
Symptoms of Medial Malleolus Fracture
Symptoms keep comply medial malleolus fracture are:-
Diagnosis of Medial Malleolus Fracture
Diagnosis of medial malleolus break can be made base on the history , clinical examination and reading the simulacrum following radiological studies .
Radiological Studies5 –
UltrasoundExamination- Ultrasound scrutiny shows figure of blood clot , tendon and muscle injury .
line of descent Examination- White blood cubicle enumeration is lift if there is infection around the fracture area .
Treatment Choices For Medial Malleolus Fracture
discourse of median malleolus fracture includes buttoned-down ( non - operative ) treatment , medications and surgical treatment . discussion extract calculate on the type and severity of the median malleolus fracture and the condition of the patient .
Conservative Treatment of Medial Malleolus Fracture
Medications
Physical Therapy
OR for treat Medial Malleolus Fracture
External Fixation
home Fixation
Open Reduction
Interventional Therapy
Rehabilitation Therapy
Medial Malleolus Fracture Treatment-
Conservative Treatment-
Conservative handling is recommended until radiological studies completed . Conservative treatment also good to treat hairline shift . Usually , conservative intervention of median malleolus break , is recommended for less severe and uncomplicated harm . Unstable fracture with fragment of fractured bone not out of place can be handle well with buttoned-down or non - surgical discussion . Conservative treatment may also be advised when the fractured pieces of bones are too little to be repaired surgically . commonly , weight bearing on the fractured wooden leg is to be nullify for at least 6 weeks , post which , it depends on the healing of the fracture . steady monitoring and reduplicate XTC - rays may be bring to check the healing and to detect any alteration of position of the faulting .
Medications to Treat Medial Malleolus Fracture-
Physical Therapy-
strong-arm therapy for medial malleolus fracture is recommended after healing of injury . strong-arm therapy helps to rehabilitate . forcible therapy help to find strength of muscle and also ameliorate joint mobility .
Surgery-
Type of surgical procedure recommended depends on the severity of trauma and complications . Choices of surgical intervention depends on type of accidental injury . and ivory fragments , most operative chastening are done using screws , plates and wiring options . Possible complicatedness of surgical procedure of median malleolus break include the risk of exposure of infections and delayed healing .
Choices of Surgical Treatment for Medial Malleolus Fracture:-
Open Reduction Surgery to Treat Medial Malleolus Fracture
Open reducing surgical process is performed under spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia . The decent incision is call for so all the fracture sherd are seen . The fragments are manually brought together and aligned in anatomical locating . The wire or gaoler is passed between two fractured bones . The other last of nookie is anchored to gat or plate . Once the fractured shard are fixed and does not move then the skin is closed .
Interventional Therapy- Interventional therapy for median malleolus fracture is recommended for chronic annoyance that stay on after wounding is mend . Conservative therapy includes injection of cortisone close to the fault site .
Rehabilitation- Rehabilitation is a necessary part of discourse of median malleolus fracture . Whether the fracture is treated with conservative or surgical discussion , the appropriate renewal course of study raise expert healing . Rehabilitation reduces the risk of long term bother and complications . Rehabilitation intervention include physical therapy , training to do desk job and right ambulation proficiency as well as education to practice walker and wheelchair until injured person is able of walking without any help .
Treatment Choices for Different Types of Medial Malleolus Fracture
In compositor’s case of fresh injury to the articulatio talocruralis roast , which ensue in a possible median malleolus geological fault , emergency discussion is call for .
When Surgical Treatment is indicated and Necessary For Medial Malleolus Fracture–
Recovery Time For Medial Malleolus Fracture
convalescence time for median malleolus break to cure calculate on the case of break . Hairline fracture heals in 6 to 8 weeks . Compound fracture following undecided surgery may take long period of clip heal . The expected time to heal is between 12 to 16 calendar week . In few pillow slip recovery sentence may prolong if injured somebody is put up with wound transmission or osteoporosis . Such cases may take to 16 to 24 calendar week . However , in some event , few injured individuals may suffer with chronic hurting . The convalescence time to get wholly good from inveterate botheration may take several months .
acknowledgment :
geological fault of the Ankle Joint
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