What is Velopharyngeal Insufficiency?
When velum , normally known as the soft roof of the mouth , fails to close tightly against the ulterior paries or pharyngeal wall of pharynx , during language , allowing the air to follow out of the olfactory organ and making the speech difficult to infer due to hypernasality and/or nasal air emission is call as Velopharyngeal Insufficiency . Speech requires sound ( from vocal cord ) and airflow from lungs which are directed into the oral pit ( mouth ) for the production of all delivery sounds . Swallowing and speaking activities primarily count on the power to achieve enough closure of velopharyngeal surface area . Important part of speech production is the velopharyngeal valve which is mainly built up of the following structures .
Velopharyngeal insufficiency mainly leads to disfunction of parts of throat and ceiling of the mouth at the clock time of words . Hyper nasality ( a resonance disorder ) or audible adenoidal emission ( a language sound disorder ) occur if complete closure does not occur at the time of speech . unequal airflow makes some consonants sound to be weak or overleap .
Symptoms of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
There are mainly 2 symptoms of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency which happens when the palate does not bear on the back of the pharynx during speech . They are as be .
Hyper Nasality ( Nasal Speech ) . The sounds which are produced through the consonant m , n and ng are fundamentally the only phone which heavy nasal . Hyper nasality is the cause when nasal speech find to come across other sound through the nose . This condition can be balmy or can become severe at sometimes . adenoidal manner of speaking can be get word at the time of say vowel or fathom like w , y , l , or r.
Nasal Air Escape ( Sounds ) . Nasal Escape or also know as Nasal Air Emission happens when air get away from the nose when someone makes pressure consonants . The insistency consonants can be p , t , d , b , k , g , z , f , v , s , sh , zh , ch , th and dj mainly . They are so called as insistency consonants because when the palate closes it builds up imperativeness in the oral cavity and seals off the mouth from the nose .
Causes of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
The principal case of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ( VPI ) include .
Diagnosis of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Before be active on to the discussion part , it is very important to find out what type of velopharyngeal insufficiency is a patient suffering from . Here are some of the following step through which it can be name .
Speech Analysis.
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency can be diagnosed by perceptual speech assessment through a actor’s line pathologist . Many patients may formulate new pronunciations as compensation for the consonants , where much of the sounds are create inside the pharynx , where decent flow of air is present .
Nasometry to Diagnose Velopharyngeal Insufficiency.
It is a method acting which is mainly used to measure the acoustical correlates of resonance and velopharyngeal occasion through a computer - based instrumental role . This gives a speech pathologist a complete nasalance score which is the full percent of nasal sound during voice communication product . rating of hypernasality can be done through nasometry ; hence , it is also use for pre and post - operative comparisons .
Nasopharyngoscopy.
This is an endoscopic technique in which a small endoscope is communicate through the patient ’s nose to the nasopharynx which is mainly done by the doctor or the speech diagnostician . This musical passage catch the velum ( soft palate ) and the pharyngeal bulwark ( pharynx rampart ) during nasal bone ventilation and at the time of delivery . Detailed view of size of it , locating and case of velopharyngeal inadequacy can be envision without harm a patient .
Videofluoroscopy for Diagnosing Velopharyngeal Insufficiency.
Videofluoroscopy is a radiographic proficiency which usually quantify the duration and movement of the velum and also the lateral and ulterior pharyngeal walls during speech . The entire posterior pharyngeal paries can be visualize through this technique .
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to Diagnose Velopharyngeal Insufficiency.
This is basically a young approach for diagnosis of velopharyngeal insufficiency which is noninvasive . Atoms in the physical structure can be imaged as this is a property of nuclear magnetic resonance . This can be repeated more often at short period of time because this is a non - radiographic technique . However , this cognitive operation is not widely used for clinical diagnostic purpose as this requires radiation and it is much more expensive than the videofluoroscopy or nasopharyngoscopy .
Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Treatment principally bet on the type and the causes of velopharyngeal deficiency . The discussion of velopharyngeal incompetence or the velopharyngeal inadequacy ordinarily need operating theater ; however , it does not affect the way of talk . Some of the treatments are described below .
Prevention of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Velopharyngeal insufficiency mainly does n’t have any preventions and it ca n’t be prevented . However , if you are meaning cleaning lady then you should have to take care a lot . During pregnancy , cleaning woman should reduce the risk of infection as sometimes it puts the unborn babe at risk for developing a fissure palate / cleft lip .
Conclusion
Pharyngeal fuss and sphincter pharyngoplasty found to be the good procedures for treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency . Even after going through a operating theater many patient role may not reach thoroughgoing closure and show a decreased size in velopharyngeal opening .
