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What is Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis and What Causes It?
Venezuelan equid encephalitis is a condition where there is firing of the brain and its meninges along with other symptoms . This condition is cause by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus belonging to Togaviridae family and hence the name of the infection.(1)The Venezuelan equineencephalitisvirus belongs to the North American encephalitic arborvirus , which are transmitted to humans viamosquito bites .
What are the Symptoms of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE)?
There is an incubation menses of 1 - 5 days after which the infected affected role develop flu - like syndrome , along with cervical lymphadenopathy and raw throat . Many of the patient role completely recover from this infection after a week . About 4 % of children affected and around 0.4 % adults affected develop phrenitis syndrome consist of adapted genial position , microseism , palsy or turmoil .
The symptom of Venezuelan equine cephalitis consist of inflammation of the Einstein and the meninx of the brainpower leading to CNS symptoms in the small percent of affected role that develop cephalitis . Venezuelan equine encephalitis can be described as piercing , debilitating and of short duration .
The patient hurt from Venezuelan equine phrenitis feel abruptly grim with symptom that develop to include generalized malaise , rigors , spiking fevers , photophobia , intenseheadacheandmyalgia.(1 , 2)After this , the patient experiencesnausea , coughing , emesis , afflictive throat , anddiarrhea . Patient can achieve perfect convalescence in about 1 to 2 weeks .
What is the Mode of Transmission of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis?
As mentioned before the Venezuelan equid phrenitis ( VEE ) is a mosquito - borne illness triggered by an alphavirus from the Togaviridae family(2 ) . The mode of transmission of this disease is through the bit of an septic mosquito.(2 )
Incubation Period and Risk Factor of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis
Everyone is at an equal risk for evolve this condition ; however , minor and elderly people are most affected by this infection . The Incubation Period of Venezuelan equid encephalitis ( VEE ) ranges from 1 to 5 days .
Can Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Be Transmitted From One Human to Another?
The Venezuelan equine encephalitis is extremely infectious when aerosolized.(3)Up till now , there has been no evidence of transmission from human - to - human even though the VEE virus can be receive in throat swabs from infected patients . There is no lower-ranking transmission of Venezuelan equine cephalitis .
How is the Diagnosis of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Made?
The diagnosis of Venezuelan equine phrenitis is made through throat swab specimen and the virus can also be isolated from the serum .
Blood tests show an increase in VEE IgG antibody or VEE specific IgM present in a individual blood serum sample indicate late infection .
Treatment for Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis
Venezuelan equine cephalitis does not have any specific treatment.(3)Patients suffering from uncomplicated Venezuelan equid encephalitis are treat with painkillers to finagle and relieve symptoms , such as headache and myalgia .
affected role bear from Venezuelan equine cephalitis who go on to develop encephalitis penury medicament like anticonvulsant drug and intensive supportive forethought to maintain electrolyte and fluid balance , for adequate respiration , and also to prevent any secondary bacterial infections .
Prophylactic Treatment for Venezuelan equine phrenitis consists of a live , attenuated vaccinum come forth as an investigational drug .
A formol - inactivated , vote out vaccine can be give for further antibody titers in those patients who have received the live vaccine .
What is the Death Rate and Prognosis of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis?
The mortality rate for Venezuelan equine encephalitis is less than 1 % ; however , can be higher in children and older patients.(4 )
The fatality rate from is 10 % to 25 % from encephalitis and can be as high as 35 % in minor who below 5 age of long time . Rarely there are neurological sequelae and the prognosis among survivors of encephalitis for full recuperation is excellent .
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