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About West Nile Virus
The West Nile virus was first detected in a woman in Uganda in the West Nile dominion in the late thirties , after which it was identified to infect crows and Columbiformes ( razz ) in the Nile delta region in early fifties . Owing to this detecting in the West Nile neighborhood , it was named as West Nile Virus . Although this virus is mostly found in the part of Africa , West Asia , and Europe , this virus has created mayhem in the present time in the continental United States due to the transmission of the virus from these places by the flattop mosquitos . Massive outbreaks of this virus have been record in Israel , Greece , and Russia to name a few .
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) , West Nile Virus or WNV for short has become one of the leading causes of mosquito - borne disease in the United States . It was first observe in the United States in the year 1999 after which every state in the US except Hawaii and Alaska have show a considerable gain in the phone number of such cases every year1,2 . It is transmitted by a carrier mosquito that has been previously infected with the computer virus . A bite of this mosquito is enough to change it to the host body . The shell of plague by this virus step-up in summer and pass owing to the massive growth of the mosquito population .
luckily , CDC maintain that not more than 20 percent of hoi polloi who get infected by West Nile Virus develop a fever and some master symptoms while the prospect of a human death is almost close to 0.67 percent3 . Also , if adequate measures are assume to prevent it , the spread head of this virus can be easily prevented .
The World Health Organisation ( WHO ) categorize this virus in the genus Flavivirus take a shit it a appendage of the family Flaviviridae . West Nile Virus in its deadly form is capable of make neurologic instability and even death in humans . The rhythm of transmission of West Nile Virus is in the main restricted to skirt and mosquito but late trend have show an infestation of humans and other mammals like horses and cows as well .
Transmission of West Nile Virus
The main melody of transmission of the West Nile Virus follows a bit from an septic mosquito . Mosquitos course on birds which may be infect leading to their own plague due to the circulation of the virus within their bloodstreams . When this infected mosquito come in contact with either a man or a mammal for its succeeding blood meals , it by the bye channelize the West Nile Virus to the host soundbox which chair to their multiplication inside the host cells . Even though the mosquito bite is the main causa of this transmittal but this West Nile Virus can also be transmit by hail in contact with the line of descent or tissue of an septic animal . This impinging can be in the bod of electronic organ transplant , milk or blood transfusion as far as the human plague is interest . Till now only a unequalled type of transplacental transmission system has been observed between a mother and her shaver .
Other mammals like horses conduct just like human in term of West Nile Virus infection . Being a dead - final stage emcee like human they are ordinarily not the ones responsible for spreading of this virus .
While discussing the transmission face the West Nile Virus is not spread by any of the keep abreast actions :
Symptoms of West Nile Virus
harmonise to Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) , almost 80 percent of the West Nile Virus infected hoi polloi do not develop any seeable symptom . Only about 20 percent of the people taint with West Nile Virus have shown a visible symptom in the form of fever , headache , joint pains , and vomiting . Even after the plague , the recovery catamenia of the people from West Nile Disease is very less , even though they can develop fatigue or impuissance in the torso which might take workweek if not months to wither aside completely . As observed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) , only about 0.67 pct of all the affected role are subjected to inflammation of their neurological system either in the shape of encephalitis or meningitis leading to increased press on the membrane of the brain as well as thespinal cord4 .
Some of the austere symptom as shown by the hoi polloi infect with West Nile Disease include neck stiffness , stupor , freak out , tremor , coma , brawn weakness , loss of visual sensation , paralysis as well as high-pitched febrility . Although this disease is not fatal for the untested adults it can be life - menace to citizenry who are honest-to-god than the age of 60 age as well as for the the great unwashed who have a account of disease such as cancer , kidney disease or high blood pressure . In increase to these , the hoi polloi who have undergone operating theater in the late past have to take extra care to foreclose the infestation .
The recuperation from West Nile Disease may take several week or months but caseful have shown permanent damage to the neurologic system as well . last from this malady is fair rare , leading to the destruction of only about 1 in 10 patient role who modernise a severe infection .
Diagnosis of West Nile Virus
The World Health Organisation ( WHO ) has lay down several parameters to notice the West Nile Virus through a myriad of tests :
Treatment of West Nile Virus
Hospitalization of the affected role is the first treatment to be present to the patient role . This would ensure proper respiratory bread and butter , intravenous fluids , and prevention of secondary infection . Adequate treatment shall be provided as directed by the physician but there is no vaccine uncommitted to destroy the virus completely as of now . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) offers the following guidepost for the treatment of the patient with West Nile Virus :
West Nile antivirus vaccinum is not useable as of now but other relevant medicine can be opted for as lead by the honor physician in edict to relieve the pain in the affected role ’ organic structure .
Pain relievers can be used to reduce fever and body nuisance symptom .
patient with a life-threatening event of West Nile Virus infection are advised to be hospitalized for a supportive treatment which must admit respiratory financial support , nursing concern , pain medication , and endovenous fluids .
For further support , the patient role must lecture to his health care supplier as shortly as he observes some symptoms associate to the West Nile Disease .
Other quantity To Prevent West Nile Disease Include :
Conclusion
It is justifiedly say that prevention is better than cure . The in force practice to be followed in ordination to prevent the plague with this disease is to prevent the exposure to the carrier mosquitoes by eliminating the likely site of moribund water . This would otherwise act as a raising ground for mosquito .
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