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Trigeminal neuralgia also is known by another name of tic douloureux is a distinct syndrome of facial pain . It occur due to the pain maven in the fifth cranial nervus or its element known as the trigeminal mettle . The trigeminal brass has three component : – ophthalmic brass , maxillary nerve , and inframaxillary nerve . Mostly maxillary and inframaxillary nerves are demand in the trigeminal neuralgia . It is companion by facial spasm and tic in the face . The pain of trigeminal neuralgia is sharp and jab in nature . The patient role experience very severe pain in the neck in the area supplied by the trigeminal nerve and it come out in bouts rather than a continuous hurting . The pain sensation also radiates sometimes from one part to another and can be described as pip pain also .

What Are The First Symptoms Of Trigeminal Neuralgia?

Usually , it is unilateral in nature with a part of the face involved in it , but sometimes it can involve the whole face of one side or even occur bilaterally . It presents as attacks of pain in the neck usually curtly time and can be triggered by various gun trigger . These include talking , chewing , smiling , hot and cold-blooded foods , sliver , brush teeth , affecting , shoot a line of rima oris , nose or sometimes even occurs without any trigger . The correct side of the cheek is more commonly affected than the left side . Sometimes trigeminal neuralgia is antecede by is syndrome known as pre - trigeminal neuralgia syndrome which occurs sometime before the trigeminal neuralgia[1 ] . It may present as inexorable venous sinus pain or tooth pain which does n’t go away with normal anti - analgesic medication .

How To Test A Patient For Trigeminal Neuralgia?

strong-arm examination is usually the only test required for the appraisal of the 5th cranial nervus and its components to prevail out the trigeminal neuralgia or associated syndromes . In this test , 5th cranial nervus supply is test with a swab or a more or less pointed target . It is touched on various region of the face bet upon the arm of the trigeminal nerve to be test .

The ophthalmic ramification of the trigeminal nerve supplies forehead , supraorbital region , the radical of olfactory organ , skin of upper eyelids . The maxillary ramification of the trigeminal spunk supplies maxillary area of the face , infraorbital region , olfactory organ , and its bakshis , all of the olfactory organ , and some portions of the upper jaw . The mandibular offset of the trigeminal spunk supply lower jaw , angle of jowl , some parts of face , border of the mandible . These all areas can be tested separately by touching or poking with the object and then looking for the reception of the patient . The patient usually winces in pain or sometimes an attack of trigeminal neuralgia may get broach . The diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia usually does not require any other further investigation for the same and can be confirmed on strong-arm interrogatory only .

At times trigeminal neuralgia is associated with systemic vasculitis and other syndromic disease for which thoroughgoing panel of descent work is require in which the cell count and function of the liver are included . Various blood assays are done for the antibody detective work in the blood creditworthy for attacking the trigeminal nerve like anti lupus anticoagulant medication , anti - nuclear antibodies , anti sm antibodies , etc . charismatic resonance imagingis done to harness out intracranial tumour and various anatomic suit of the contraction of the trigeminal nerve within its route of release from the brain.(1 )

Conclusion

Trigeminal neuralgy is a serious shape which brings a lot of woe to the patients . Seeking doctor ’s advice is a prerequisite for this experimental condition so as to ascertain other and proper intervention . It may get resolved in a few months to year but sometimes it may persist for even lifelong especially in the cases associated with other degenerative or autoimmune disease . The testing and diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia is a simple clinical judgement of the pain and rawness bought by the stipulation . It is a treatable disease in most type and the patient can hold out a happy and uneventful life from this experimental condition with the existing medicine .

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