Atelectasis refers to the full or partial collapse of a lung or a part of it . The condition ‘ Atelectasis ’ is derived from two Greek words , i.e. ‘ ateles ’ and ‘ ektasis ’ , which mean ‘ uncomplete expansion ’ . It is a coarse respiratory problem especially in postoperative patient role who have undergone thoracic or abdominal OR .
What Are The Three Types Of Atelectasis?
Atelectasis is characterise not only by the collapse of a lung but also the failure of alveolus , which are tiny air spaces within the reed organ and low oxygen mass in the lungs . The stipulation can be categorize into three major groups which basically are related to the pathogenesis of the dissimilar types . They include ; obstructive atelectasis , non - hindering atelectasis , and adhesive atelectasis .
Obstructive (Absorption) Atelectasis
As the name suggest , this type of atelectasis is because of occlusion ( blockage ) of the bronchial passage by inhaled alien mote . This conduct to trapped melodic line in the alveoli , which is slowly absorbed into the bloodstream . It also inhibits the proper circulation of tune into the lungs , thus deprive the air sacs and lung of atomic number 8 wholly . impeding atelectasis can also occur as a complication of surgery ( of the chest or abdomen ) , i.e. postoperative atelectasis , under anesthesia . This is because the anaesthesia trigger off an increase of bronchial secretions and also prompts shallow external respiration . Other impedimenta which can head to this atelectasis let in ; malignance and mucous secretion plug .
Non-Obstructive Atelectasis
Non - clogging atelectasis can be triggered by either combat injury to the chest of drawers , pleural effusion , lung scarring , lung infection and tumors close to the lungs . This type of atelectasis can further be grouped into relaxation ( passive ) atelectasis , compression atelectasis , renewal atelectasis , and cicatrization ( compression ) atelectasis . Passive atelectasis is as a answer of the red ink of contact between the parietal and visceral tissue . This could be due to pleural outburst or pneumothorax . On the other hand , compression atelectasis is have by atmospheric pressure forcefully squeezing against the lung pushing air out of the alveoli . It could be as a outcome of the chest wall or pleural mass or pleural fluid pressing against the lungs . Replacement atelectasis is related to the replenishment of all of the alveolus in the lobe of a lung by a tumour . Cicatrization atelectasis is associated with parenchymal scarring , which leads to contraction of the lung . Chronic tuberculosis and fungal infections are major suit of contraction atelectasis .
Adhesive Atelectasis
This is prominent in untimely babies , who are unable to breathe spontaneously as some of their air Sauk do not inflate as expected . The rationality behind this case of atelectasis is the lack of the surfactant in the alveoli , meaning they ’re constantly break up . The surfactant is a surface tension material that keeps the alveoli unfastened . The infant are born without this airfoil and treatment regard a permutation therapy with the wetter . Infants with this condition are say to suffer from respiratory suffering syndrome . Older adults can also develop adhesive atelectasis as their surfactant wear out out over clip . This could be as a result of extend shallow breathing , cardiac bypass surgery , smoke inhalation or hyaloid membrane disease .
Symptoms of Atelectasis
In general , some of the potential symptoms you ’re potential to receive include ;
Conclusion
Types of atelectasis are associated with the causative factors of the condition . The most common factor that can cause atelectasis include ; intragroup obstruction of airways , external densification of flight path , concretion of lung parenchyma , stifling of respiration and also thoracic and abdominal surgery . understand what type of atelectasis is crucial as it helps identify likely complication as well as best the approach for treatment . Obstruction atelectasis is the most vulgar eccentric whereas the adhesive atelectasis is the least mutual . With time and the right treatment , atelectasis gets better , however , if left untreated , it can get serious complication . For example ; pneumonia , pleural effusions , bronchiectasis , and respiratory failure .
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