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Positive IgG is think to be protective and is associated with a minimal risk of parvo B19 infection.(1 )
Positive IgM is indicative of late infection.(1 )
What Does Positive Parvovirus B19 IgG Mean?
Both immunoglobulin G and IgM are see in the blood serum at or soon after the onset of illness and attain their maximum levels within 30 daytime of the unwellness . The presence of IgG antibodies signal retiring exposure / infection ; whereas the presence of IgM antibodies argue current / late infection . IgG is also considered to be protective as it reduces or minimizes the chance of new B19 transmission since antibodies against parvo are already present in the blood serum , which will agitate off invading parvovirus B19 .
Since IgG antibodies persist in the serum for years , the diagnosing of late or acute contagion is made free-base on the presence of IgM antibodies . There is an increase prevalence of B19 IgG antibodies with increase age . In baby < 5 years the preponderance is around 2 - 9 % , in nipper aged 5 - 18 year the prevalence is around 15 - 35 % ; whereas in adult ≥19 years the preponderance is gravid around 30 - 60 % ( 1).Since the presence of IgM B19 antibody indicates current or a late transmission it is only noticeable for months in the serum ; whereas , IgG B19 antibodies are detectable throughout life.(2 )
Interpretation of positive / negative IgG and IgM antibodies in parvovirus B19 infection is give in the mesa given below(1 ):
How Long Does Parvovirus IgM Stay Positive?
In most of the B19V infection case , there is no pauperization for laboratory examination as the symptom are meek and the infection adjudicate within 5 - 7 days . Serological tests of parvovirus B19 that include anti - parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM antibody are done with enzyme - tie immunoassay ( ELISA ) , immunofluorescence , and radioimmunoassay . The rendering of IgM results becomes difficult due to a deficiency of laboratory normalisation and an increase in false - negative test results of IgM. Therefore , polymerase Ernst Boris Chain chemical reaction ( PCR ) for discover B19 DNA is chosen over serologic tests . However , the determinate diagnosis of acute or chronic contagion is made based on both PCR and serological testing .
Interpretation Of Serological Testing In Pregnant Women
In pregnant women who are expose to parvovirus B19 , serological examination of IgG and IgM should be carry out immediately . If IgG is positive and immunoglobulin M negatively charged then there is no risk to the foetus as the mother was taint by B19 in the past with no late infection and already has B19 antibodies present in the sera . If both IgG and IgM are positivist , then this indicates recent infection within 7 - 120 days and the fetus is at risk of B19 transmission . If IgG outcome are negative with positive IgM results then that argue intense infection with no previous antibody against B19 and the fetus is at greater endangerment as the mother is not immune . If both IgG and immunoglobulin M are negative , then it indicates that the mother is not resistant and there is no grounds of an discriminating transmission . In this case , re - testing should be done in 3 weeks . acute accent infection is suspected if IgM is positive in subsequent testing.(2 )
Parvovirus B19 is the only virus of the Parvoviridae family that is infectious to humans . It is a very common contagion that is found in tyke and transmitted to adults . By geezerhood 30 , about 60 % of adult educate seropositivity from 5 - 10 % in children aged 2 - 5 days . The most common disease assort with parvovirus is erythema infectiosum that mostly causes blizzard in minor and connect acute symmetric arthritis in adults . It also precipitates anemias in patients with blood disorder or immunosuppression.(2 )
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