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Salivary gland neoplasm are rare and report for 3 % of all head and neck tumors(1 ) .
About 2 - 7 % of pleomorphic adenomas undergo malignant transformation(1 ) .
Tumors of salivary secretor are relatively rare accounting for only 3 % of all head and neck tumour . Most of these tumor are benign and are detect in the parotid glands ( close to 85 % ) fall out by submandibular gland and minor salivary glands and then rarely in sublingual secretor ( only about 1 % ) . About 75 - 80 % of these tumors are benignant in nature of which pleomorphic adenoma is the most common variant . It nominate approximately 60 - 70 % of all parotid tumour . They are painless , tardily - develop , movable , firm , solid lot found beneath the skin or mucosa . When cystic transformation takes post they become gentle instead of business firm , which is rare(1),(2 ) .
What Happens To Untreated Parotid Tumors?
As discussed already pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumor of the parotid gland . They have a leaning for malignant transformation in about 2 - 7 % of the caseful . They are more commonly found on the correct side than the left side and in females more than in male with a ratio of 2:1 . It may be receive in any years group , even children , but most prevalent in the fifth to sixth decade of life . When go out untreated they may arise in sizing to several centimeter and kilograms in weight . They become giant but are painless heap that is irregular and nodular the great unwashed stretch the overlying skin . Malignant transformation is attend in longstanding untreated cases of pleomorphic adenoma(1 ) .
Since these tumour are easy - growing , if their size abruptly increases in a short duration and they show symptom of pain , ulceration , bleeding , purulence , and deep - tissue invasion , malignancy can be suspect . Usually , these tumors are go away untreated due to patients ’ negligence or awe of surgery . However , they should not be left untreated for longer periods due to their capacity of malignant transformation , though the risk is low(1 ) .
There is a correlation between the length of untreated pleomorphic adenoma and malignant transformation jazz as carcinoma X pleomorphic adenoma . Pathologically , malignance can be of three type , including benign metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma , carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma , and carcinosarcoma . Apart from a longstanding history of pleomorphic adenoma , an increased chance of malignant transformation is also seen in the advancing age of the patient , multiple recurrences , size of the tumor , and chronicle of speedy ontogeny with pain and ulcerations , and location of the tumour . The risk of exposure of malignity increases from 1.5 % that present for less than 5 years to 9.5 % after more than 15 years . These tumor when found in the cryptic lobe may expand intraorally into the para pharyngeal space and may affect actor’s line and swallowing(1 ) , ( 3 ) .
When To Visit A Doctor For Parotid Tumor?
Most of the benign and malignant neoplasm present as a painless muckle . Some malignant tumors can cause pain , ulcerations , bleeding , numbness , causalgia , paresthesias , and personnel casualty of motor function due to facial boldness palsy . by and large , benign neoplasm are easy - produce , but if rapid growth and associated symptoms of pain and ulceration are remark then that should be alarming . The patient role should immediately visit a doctor and get himself / herself examined thoroughly(1 ) , ( 2 ) .
The Doctor of the Church will examine the bulk , ask for complete aesculapian history and story of the mass , and parliamentary procedure imaging studies ( ultrasonography , X - ray , CT scan , MRI , PET scan ) as per his / her suspicion and fine - acerate leaf intake cytology to differentiate a benignant tumor from a malignant one(1 ) , ( 2 ) .
Both malignant and benignant tumors require complete surgical deletion of the tumor . Additionally , malignant tumour patients may need excommunication of regional or parotid lymph nodes and post - operative radiation therapy , if indicated . If the tumor is in the rich lobe total parotidectomy may be indicated . All surgeries call for the preservation of the facial face . Chemotherapy has not been found effective in the treatment of salivary gland tumors(1 ) , ( 2 ) .
Early diagnosis and surgical cut are key to manage salivary gland tumors .
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