What Is Tetralogy of Fallot?
Tetralogy of Fallot is an rare cardiac combination which is actually a combination of four heart defects . It is a congenital blemish which is present at birth . These defect cause the heart to run poorly resulting in poor oxygen supply to the other parts of the body . It also damage the social structure of the inwardness . Tetralogy of Fallot causes the hide of the affected shaver to cyanotic at nativity as there is not enough supply of oxygen to the parts of the dead body . Tetralogy of Fallot is ordinarily diagnose right away at nascence or within a few days after parentage , although in some cases where the symptom and signs are very mild it may remain undetected until much after in life sentence . If Tetralogy of Fallot is diagnosed and do by early , children affected by it go on to live on a normal healthy life even though they will need frequent checkup to checker the condition of the defects and the position of the fondness and will have to take precaution while doing certain activities .
What Causes Tetralogy of Fallot?
Tetralogy of Fallot occurs at the meter of growth of the heart in the fetus . study guide to lack of right nutrition on the part of the mother , viral infection or even genetic sensitivity to some typesetter’s case of Tetralogy of Fallot even though why it pass is still a matter of ongoing research . As say , there are four defects that conflate together to mold Tetralogy of Fallot . These fault are as accompany :
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis : In this condition , there is stricture of the pulmonary valve of the substance . This stricture results in reduced lineage current to the lungs .
Ventricular Septal Defect : This is a condition in which there is a gob in the wall of the ventricles of the affection . Because of this gob , the deoxygenated bloodline mix with the oxygenated blood hence spoil the smooth flow of oxygenated blood to the heart resulting in weakening of the heart .
Overriding Aorta : This is a stipulation in which there is a thin shimmy of the aorta from its normal position to the rightfield of it position itself right over the ventricular septate defect stimulate legion complication .
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy : This stipulation is caused due to excessive strain being put on the muscles of the middle which makes the walls of the right-hand ventricle to become thick and get enlarged which over a menses of fourth dimension make the center weak and finally make heart failure .
What Are The Risk Factors for Tetralogy of Fallot?
There are certain risk factors which predispose a child to have Tetralogy of Fallot . These risk factors let in :
What are the Symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot?
Symptoms have due to Tetralogy of Fallot are varying and depend on the severity of the defect and how much blood is the right-hand ventricle able to pump into the lung . Some of the symptom of Tetralogy of Fallot are :
How Is Tetralogy of Fallot Diagnosed?
like a shot after birth if the colouring material of the tegument of the baby is bluish then the doc may immediately suspect a cardiac mar . This may be further confirmed if there is a heart murmur present . for confirm the diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot , the physician may order the following tests :
Chest X - ray : This may virtually sustain the presence of Tetralogy of Fallot as it will show an enlarged ventricle and the shape of the core will look like that of a boot .
Blood Test : A complete blood count will be take which in Tetralogy of Fallot will show increase erythrocyte in profligate .
Pulse Oximetry : This is a test done to measure the amount of O present in the line .
Electrocardiogram : This test shows the heartbeat in the pattern of electrical impetus . This test can show whether there is any freakishness in the speech rhythm of the heart and whether the inwardness is functioning commonly .
Echocardiogram : This trial makes use of echography wave to look at the functioning of the heart . This trial run can accurately name any irregularity of the operation of the heart .
Cardiac Catheterization : This is a minimally encroaching test in which a catheter is inserted in the eye through the leg . This test accurately measures the pressure level that is exerted on the chamber of the substance .
How Is Tetralogy of Fallot Treated?
There is only one way to handle Tetralogy of Fallot and that is by surgical procedure . There are two types of surgical procedures which are done to treat Tetralogy of Fallot which are intracardiac fixing and irregular operating theatre .
Open Heart Surgery to do by Tetralogy of Fallot : This procedure is done before the child is one class of age . This is a form of open heart operating room in which the surgeon will make an surgical incision over the chest and go into the warmness and place a patch over the veracious heart ventricle to end the ventricular septal defect . Next , the operating surgeon will repair the stenosed pneumonic artery to restitute normal blood flow through it . Once the Tetralogy of Etienne-Louis Arthur Fallot is most repaired the symptom of the shaver significantly come down .
impermanent Surgery to Treat Tetralogy of Fallot : This is a operative procedure which baby ask to undergo before the actual loose heart operation . Hence it is call as irregular procedure . In this procedure , the surgeon create a bypass between the stenosed pulmonary artery and the aorta by placing a shunt . This reinstate normal supplying of blood passing through the pulmonary artery . When the open heart surgery is done and the stricture is repaired this shunt is removed by the surgeon .
Postsurgery , most infants do not have any symptoms and live commonly but in some cases there have been certain complications reported in the manikin of pneumonic regurgitation or arrhythmia . In some cases , even after the repair normal line flowing is not restored and further operative procedures may be require . In some cases the pulmonary valves may be irreparable and will demand a mechanical valve to be placed . asunder from these complications , as inherent with any surgical process there is a risk of hemorrhage , infection , injury to the next structure etc . In some case complications may carry on throughout the child ’s adolescence and into the adulthood which will require frequent follow up and investigations due to tetralogy of Fallot .
