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Kawasaki disease is a disease that affect child and run to inflammation of blood watercraft ( vasculitis ) . Approximately 85 - 90 % child below the years of 5 years and 90 - 95 % children below the age of 10 years are affected by it . The most common origin vessels touch are the intermediate sized vessels ; however , other stemma vessels including large vessels , small capillary artery , veins and capillaries can also be involve by the disease . It has a high propensity to affect coronary artery , especially in untreated case , lead to the complication of coronary artery aneurism .
What Is The Most Likely Cause Of Kawasaki Disease?
The causal agent of Kawasaki disease is not in good order understood at this minute and for the most part its etiology still remains unclear . Although , the most probable cause is still unknown , Kawasaki disease has been strongly linked to infection ; however , no whole connection has been found with any specific infectious federal agent . potential connection with genetics and autoimmunity has also been suggest , but there still exists gap between the dissertation and clinical implications.(1 )
Infection . Various infective agentive role have been implicated in the trigger of Kawasaki disease including , parvo B19 , adenovirus , rotavirus , EBV , CMV , parainfluenza type 3 virus , measles , human lymphotropic virus , neisseria meningitidis , rickettsia , bacterial toxin - medicate superantigens , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , tick borne diseases , mite associated bacteria and propionibacterium acnes . Kawasaki disease is more vernacular in late winters and leap , which raises suspicion for an infectious reason . It is also uncommon in baby less than 4 month of years , most likely concern to maternal antibody render passive immunity . However , what is interesting to know that , it is not a contractable disease and can not be passed from one nestling to another . There is also hypothesis that it has a waterborne vector .
researcher have found cytoplasmatic comprehension body containing RNA in about 85 % caseful of Kawasaki disease . This finding powerfully suggests the purpose of a RNA computer virus that may pass to the disease in genetically predisposed individuals .
genetic science . There is a strong suspicion for genetic factors play a role in the aetiology of Kawasaki disease . It has been noted that there is 10 - 20 time swell hazard of Kawasaki disease in siblings and Gemini of affected nipper . In addition , children born to parents with Kawasaki disease have a severe form of the disease and luck of recurrence are very mellow . Researchers have also find multiple family line members affected by Kawasaki disease . Major histocompatibility complex antigen has also been found in patient with Kawasaki disease . Polymorphism of ITPKC ( inositol 1,4,5 - triphosphate 3 - kinase C ) cistron has been link to dandy chances of formulate coronary arterial blood vessel wound in both Japanese and American children . Genetic factors have been associated with the ontogeny and advancement of coronary artery wound .
Although , the interplay of infectious aetiology and genetic factors have been powerfully linked to and considered to be the reason for Kawasaki disease , there is still not clear understanding how and which infectious agent is the literal culprit . Although , the misgiving for genetic factor in the aetiology is very high , the genetic gene practical software in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease is still not clearly understood . More report and research are afoot and hopefully will furnish relevant answers in future .
Kawasaki disease is of two types , consummate and incomplete . The diagnosis of complete Kawasaki disease is based on the presence of high feverishness for at least 5 day along with 4 or 5 main clinical presentation . Whereas , the diagnosis of uncomplete Kawasaki disease is based on the presence of fever for more than 5 day , in accession to 2 - 3 principal clinical feature film . Incomplete Kawasaki disease involve further laboratory work up . The master clinical lineament of Kawasaki disease include oropharyngeal change ( diffuse erythema , bleeding , fissuring , crusting of lips , strawberry tongue ) , member change ( erythema of palms and soles , peeling of fingers and toe , Beau ’s lines),skin rash(diffuse maculopapular rash ) , one-sided cervical lymphadenopathy ( lymph node sizing of at least 1.5 cm ) and bilateral bulbarconjunctivitis .
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