Pneumothorax is the consideration in which the pleural tooth decay is make full with the air . The air of the pleural cavity give pressure on the lungs lead to lung prostration . Pneumothorax can be separate into various case such as ad-lib , traumatic or iatrogenic ; loose , shut or valvular ; local or generalized and ; chronic or acute . tautness pneumothorax is a type of valvular pneumothorax in which the pressure in the pleura cavity is progressively establish up , usually due to lung trauma , which allows the breeze to enter in to pleural quad , but does not allow the airwave to move out resulting in the abnormalities in the affectionateness and compression of venous blood vessel cava . The condition if leave behind untreated may result in black consequences .
What Is The Pathophysiology Of Tension Pneumothorax?
The pathophysiology of tension pneumothorax is complicated . Tension pneumothorax is the type of pneumothorax which is characterized by the front of air travel in the pleural cavity . Pleural enclosed space surround the lung and helps the functioning of lung during breathing .
In the normal status , the pleural place has the negative pressure as compare to the atmospherical press . This imperativeness is create due to a billet in which the lung get contracted and the breast bulwark gets expanded . In such a condition , alveolar pressure is more than the pleural pressing .
However , in the tension pneumothorax condition a system interchangeable to one - way valve system is germinate . This organisation is evolved due to the combat injury in the lung . In such a system , the aviation is concentrated in the pleural cavity during cellular respiration , but does not allowed to move out from the pleural caries . This results in the increasing pressure in the pleural cavity . This leads to insufficient enlargement of lungs on the side of pneumothorax . The lung flop push the affection from its status towards the contralateral side , lead in the compression of arteries of the heart mainly vena cava . Thus , the cardiac outturn is lessen . The presence of bullae also determines the existence of tension pneumothorax . The patient with larger bulla is more likely to go through tenseness pneumothorax a compared to the patient with smaller size bullae .
As the tension pneumothorax regard the cardiac system , thus the symptoms experienced by the patient will be related to both respiratory and cardiovascular organization . The signs of tenseness pneumothorax let in the chase :
Treatment Of Tension Pneumothorax
The primary therapy used in the management of tenseness pneumothorax is the decompressing of the pectus to relieve the extra pressure . It is recommended that the decompression is done by using the point of first appearance as the fourth or fifth intercostal infinite at the anterior axillary line . This will avoid the pectoris muscle and hold less adipose tissue . However due to certain drawback such as inadequate needle distance , dresser wall penetration problem or poor retention make this a non - determinate discussion for tension pneumothorax . Adequate air drainage should be maintained until the underlie wound heals and there is no air leak .
Tension pneumothorax , if left untreated , is a life imperil precondition occurred due to the progressive build up of insistence in the pleural cavum . The pressure inside the pleural pit is increased due to one way organization run to the compression of venous blood vessel cava . This compression of vena cava leads to cardiac symptoms such as hypotension and electric shock reduced diastolic return and cardiac output . The patient experiences gruffness of breath and fatigue . The treatment of tension pneumothorax is the decompression of the pectus to relieve pressure . The decompression should be done by a thoracic operating surgeon and the drainage should be maintain till the injury is resolved and the air leak is finish .
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