What Is Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis?

Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare autoimmune disease , which is subdivided into Type 1 and Type 2 autoimmune hepatitis . Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is more common than case 2 and account for nearly 96 % cases in United States , whereas type 2 report for only 4 % cases . case 1 autoimmune hepatitis is characterized by the presence of antinuclear antibody ( ANAs ) and smooth brawniness antibodies ( SMAs ) . It is more dominant in female person than males with a ratio of 4:1 .

It is the inflammation of liver due to death of liver cells by body ’s own resistant system . It is mostly associated with other autoimmune disease such as lupus , rheumy arthritis , seditious intestine disease , Grave ’s disease , vitiligo , autoimmune thyroiditis , Sjogren ’s syndromeandulcerative colitis . female around the eld of 15 - 40 are more susceptible to it with a kinsperson story of other autoimmune disease , but anyone can get it . Untreated autoimmune hepatitis conduce to liver cirrhosis of the liver and eventuallyliver failure .

Causes of Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis

Generally , the movement of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is still not very clear , but it is thought to have a hereditary predisposition as it runs in families . It is also associated with other autoimmune disease as mentioned above . It is intend to be triggered by environmental factors that cause red ink of tolerance of T lymphocytes with subsequent fire on hepatic cells . The other possible environmental trigger are viruses ( Epstein Barr computer virus and hepatitis A computer virus ) and drug such as nitrofurantoin , minocycline , halothane , atorvastatin , isoniazide , diclofenac and propylthiouracil .

Symptoms of Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis

The clinical presentation of eccentric 1 autoimmune hepatitis is diverse , as patients may present with no symptoms toacute liver failure . The patients who are asymptomatic are diagnosed accidentally . The classical symptom includearthralgia ( joint bother ) , anorexia ( loss of appetite),fatigueand maculopapular rash , but they are not always present .

Other organic symptoms include nausea , vomiting , abdominal bother , weight loss , moody icteric pee , diarrhea , swooning colored feces and amenorrhoea in women . Some patients may develop cirrhosis of the liver and will acquaint symptoms related to that includingitching , contuse , lengthy haemorrhage , abdominal and extremity swelling , varicose vein , jaundiceand confusedness .

Diagnosis of Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis

There is no particular determinate mental test for the diagnosing of case 1 autoimmune hepatitis , but the diagnosis is made by accumulative issue of clinical presentation and various science lab tests . The diagnosing of eccentric 1 autoimmune hepatitis should exclude other chronic hepatitis such as chronic alcohol induced hepatitis , drug induced hepatitis , primary bilious cirrhosis and elementary sclerosing cholangitis . The diagnostic standard let in elevation of ALT and AST intimately 5 - 10 fourth dimension the upper limit of normal , natural elevation of gamma globulins and IgG antibodies nearly 1.5 clip the upper limit of normal , presence of antinuclear antibodies ( ANAs ) and smooth muscle antibodies ( SMAs ) and female sex . In accession , they should have negative marker for hepatitis A , type B and C along withWilson ’s disease , absence of hepatotoxic drug and alcohol consumption of < 25 mg / day . A liver biopsy with interface hepatitis is life-sustaining to the diagnosis of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis .

Treatment of Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis

The treatment of eccentric 1 autoimmune hepatitis is aimed to reduce inflammation of liver by immunosuppression and corticosteroid therapy is the fundament of the treatment . It is treat with either mellow drug Meticorten monotherapy , a combination of Meticorten and azathioprine or with a combination of budesonide and azathioprine .

The goal of treatment is to preclude liver failure and ending stage liver disease , which is ordinarily accomplish in 80 % guinea pig of character 1 autoimmune hepatitis approximately after 1 - 2 years of initiation of treatment . Thus , corticosteroid therapy is passing helpful in inhibit the disease progression and liver scathe . Liver transplantation is the only option if there is acuate liver failure , decompensated liver cirrhosis , destruction degree liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma . However , if the disease is name too soon , it can be wield really well by medicament with achiever . The patients who are responsive to intervention have good prognosis and survival rate .