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Horner ’s syndrome is a medical condition that causes abnormal symptoms in the face and eye due to injury in the openhearted trunk . Its impact is usually honor on one side of the face . Its lawsuit involve tumour , damage anywhere in the footpath of the likable nervous scheme . However , they are not discover in some example . Its symptoms let in light - colored iris , lack of redness in one of the eyes , ptosis , sweat on the one side of the face , and many more .
Why Does Horner’s Syndrome Cause Ptosis?
Horner ’s syndrome is a rarified condition that arises due to flutter in the footpath of nerves coming from the brain to the grimace . It can affect anyone at any age . It is also known as oculosympathetic palsy or Bernard - Horner syndrome . It most commonly involves the eye.(1 )
The coarse cause of school-age child is the loss of sympathetic nerve supply to the student hap when the educatee is constricted . But in Horner ’s syndrome , ptosis appear due to the dilatation of the student . The main rationality behind the drooping of eyelid is the departure of nerve provision to the sphincter papilla . It is usually mild or partial and often not noticeable in this syndrome.(2 )
Horner ’s syndrome happen due to the disruption of the sympathetic spunk supply to the eye . It is characterized by a triad of symptoms-
Partial Ptosis – it have in mind fond drooping of the upper palpebra .
Miosis - pupillary constriction leads to anisocoria represented by the divergence in the size of it of the pupils .
Hemifacial Anhidrosis – it mean the absence of sweating on one of the side of the face.(3 )
The movement of Horner syndrome is the terms to a particular pathway in the charitable nervous system . The appealing nervous system is responsible for for regularise heart rate , pupil size , sweating , line of descent insistency , and other functions . It plays a vital role in adapting according to changes in the environment .
The nerve pathway postulate in Horner syndrome is categorise into three mathematical group of face mobile phone ( neurons ) .
First - Order Neurons - This neuron pathway connects the hypothalamus at the base of the brain and the upper part of the spinal cord , passing through the brain stem . Problems arising in this region affect the nerve function are-
2nd - Order Neurons - This nerve cell path link the spinal tower to the upper part of the dresser and the side of the cervix . The nerve legal injury in this neighborhood is cause by :
Third - Order Neurons- This nerve cell course connect the side of the neck and to the facial skin and muscles of the iris and lid . nervus equipment casualty in this region is induce by the chase :
In Children , the most rough-cut drive of Horner syndrome in child involve :
In most cases , the cause of Horner syndrome can not be see . In such a condition , it is known as idiopathic Horner syndrome .
Conclusion
Horner ’s syndrome is caused due to the disruption of the sympathetic nerve nerve pathway from the nous to the face . It leads to constriction of the schoolchild resulting in the distention of the pupil . It causes drooping of eyelid i.e. , ptosis as nerve supply to the sphincter papillae is cut off .
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